因为有CMake自动化配置工具，在Windows平台上安装Geant4与Linux平台几乎同样方便。与使用Linux不同的是，官方更鼓励使用集成开发环境Visual Studio (VS)来编译安装。下面简单介绍一下。

系统环境: Windows10, Visual Studio 2017 (community), CMake 3.10, Geant4.10.04

1. 系统准备

首先下载安装Visual Studio 2017 和最新版本CMake，笔者这里使用的是社区(community)版本的VS和3.10版本的 CMake.

(a) 安装完VS后需要添加C++工具包：选中 Tools > Get Tools and Features 安装必需的C++编译工具。

要验证C++工具包是不是正确安装了，可以选中 Tools > Visual Studio Command Prompt ，在VS中打开命令终端, 输入cl. 如果没有找到这个命令，那就是没有成功。

D:\>cl
Microsoft (R) C/C++ Optimizing Compiler Version 19.12.25835 for x86
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.

usage: cl [ option... ] filename... [ /link linkoption... ]

(b) CMake的安装过程中需要选择 Add CMake to the System PATH for all users.

2. 下载Geant4

到下载最新版本Geant4.10.04.zip, 解压到指定位置，譬如D盘，这样我们就有了文件夹D:\geant4_10_04, 我们再创建文件夹D:\geant4_10_04\build用来存放编译安装的临时文件。

3. 编译

以下操作需要简单的DOS命令。

打开Tools > Visual Studio Command Prompt, 进入D盘的build文件夹中运行CMake.

> D:
> cd geant4_10_04/build
> cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_preFIX="D:\geant4_10_04" -DGEANT4_INSTALL_DATA=ON -DGEANT4_USE_OPENGL_WIN32=ON "D:\geant4_10_04"

注意：这里的openGL选项不是GEANT4_USE_OPENGL_X11，而是_WIN32结尾.

如果你看到类似输出，那就是成功了，特别是dataset和openGL等选定的特性确实开启了。

-- Configuring download of missing dataset G4NEUTRONXS (1.4)
-- Configuring download of missing dataset G4PII (1.3)
-- Configuring download of missing dataset RealSurface (2.1)
-- Configuring download of missing dataset G4SAIDDATA (1.1)
-- Configuring download of missing dataset G4ABLA (3.1)
-- Configuring download of missing dataset G4ENSDFSTATE (2.2)
-- The following Geant4 features are enabled:
GEANT4_BUILD_CXXSTD: Compiling against C++ Standard ‘11‘
GEANT4_USE_OPENGL_WIN32: Build OpenGL driver with Win32 support

-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: D:/geant4_10_04/build

运行以下命令编译Geant4.

> cmake --build . --config Release

如果输出结果有类似结尾，那么应该没有问题。

FinalizeBuildStatus:
  Deleting file "Win32\Release\ALL_BUILD\ALL_BUILD.tlog\unsuccessfulbuild".
  Touching "Win32\Release\ALL_BUILD\ALL_BUILD.tlog\ALL_BUILD.lastbuildstate".
Done Building Project "D:\geant4_10_04\build\ALL_BUILD.vcxproj" (default targets).


Build succeeded.
    0 Warning(s)
    0 Error(s)

4. 安装

> cmake --build . --config Release --target install

输出结果应该类似这样结尾：

  -- Installing: D:/geant4_10_04/include/Geant4/G4VisTrajContext.hh
  -- Installing: D:/geant4_10_04/include/Geant4/G4VisTrajContext.icc
FinalizeBuildStatus:
  Deleting file "Win32\Release\INSTALL\INSTALL.tlog\unsuccessfulbuild".
  Touching "Win32\Release\INSTALL\INSTALL.tlog\INSTALL.lastbuildstate".
Done Building Project "D:\geant4_10_04\build\install.vcxproj" (default targets).


Build succeeded.
    0 Warning(s)
    0 Error(s)

以上已经安装完成，但是在实际使用前还要设置环境变量。

5. 设置环境变量

如何添加环境变量请自行百度。

PATH 追加 D:\geant4_10_04\bin
G4ENSDFSTATEDATA D:\geant4_10_04\share\Geant4-10.4.0\data\G4ENSDFSTATE2.2
G4LEDATA D:\geant4_10_04\share\Geant4-10.4.0\data\G4EMLOW7.3
G4LEVELGAMMADATA D:\geant4_10_04\share\Geant4-10.4.0\data\PhotonEvaporation5.2
G4SAIDXSDATA D:\geant4_10_04\share\Geant4-10.4.0\data\G4SAIDDATA1.1
G4NEUTRONHPDATA D:\geant4_10_04\share\Geant4-10.4.0\data\G4NDL4.5
G4NEUTRONXSDATA D:\geant4_10_04\share\Geant4-10.4.0\data\G4NEUTRONXS1.4
G4PIIDATA D:\geant4_10_04\share\Geant4-10.4.0\data\G4PII1.3
G4RADIOACTIVEDATA D:\geant4_10_04\share\Geant4-10.4.0\data\RadioactiveDecay5.2
G4REALSURFACEDATA D:\geant4_10_04\share\Geant4-10.4.0\data\RealSurface2.1
G4ABLADATA D:\geant4_10_04\share\Geant4-10.4.0\data\G4ABLA3.1

示例example/basic/B1的测试

> cd example/basic/B1
> mkdir build
> cd build
> cmake -DGeant4_DIR="D:\geant4_10_04\lib\Geant4-10.4.0" ..
> cmake --build . --config Release

第一个CMake的输出结果类似这样

-- Building for: Visual Studio 15 2017
-- The C compiler identification is MSVC 19.12.25835.0
-- The CXX compiler identification is MSVC 19.12.25835.0
-- Check for working C compiler: C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Community/VC/Tools/MSVC/14.12.25827/bin/Hostx86/x86/cl.exe
-- Check for working C compiler: C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Community/VC/Tools/MSVC/14.12.25827/bin/Hostx86/x86/cl.exe -- works
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working CXX compiler: C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Community/VC/Tools/MSVC/14.12.25827/bin/Hostx86/x86/cl.exe
-- Check for working CXX compiler: C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Community/VC/Tools/MSVC/14.12.25827/bin/Hostx86/x86/cl.exe -- works
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
-- Detecting CXX compile features
-- Detecting CXX compile features - done
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: D:/examples/basic/B1/build

第二个CMake输出结果应会告诉你编译有没有成功。

Build succeeded.

"D:\examples\basic\B1\build\ALL_BUILD.vcxproj" (default target) (1) ->
"D:\examples\basic\B1\build\exampleB1.vcxproj" (default target) (3) ->
(ClCompile target) ->
  d:\geant4_10_04\include\geant4\g4mergemode.hh(75): warning C4715: ‘G4Accumulables::GetMergeFunction<double>‘: not all
 control paths return a value [D:\examples\basic\B1\build\exampleB1.vcxproj]

    1 Warning(s)
    0 Error(s)

如果成功的话，我们就会有一个 Release文件夹，里面有可执行程序exampleB1.我们进入该文件夹双击就可以运行，不过这里使用了可视化，所以请复制build文件夹下的vis.mac 和init_vis.mac到Release.

双击运行后，如果你看到了可视化的探测器，那么恭喜你，安装成功了。

最后，笔者想要说明一下，虽然Geant4官方提供了Windows平台的解决方案，但是我们还是更推荐Linux系统下使用Geant4.

本文原载于微信订阅号 “Geant4不完全学习指南”