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蓝的成长记——追逐DBA(8):重拾SP报告,回忆oracle的STATSPACK实验

时间:2022-03-14 00:35

***********************************************声明*********************************************************************** 

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蓝的成长记——追逐DBA(8):重拾SP报告,回忆oracle的STATSPACK实验

**************************************************简介********************************************************************

        个人在oracle路上的成长记录,其中以蓝自喻,分享成长中的情感、眼界与技术的变化与成长。敏感信息均以英文形式代替,不会泄露任何企业机密,纯为技术分享。

        创作灵感源于对自己的自省和记录。若能对刚刚起步的库友起到些许的帮助或共鸣,欣慰不已。

        欢迎拍砖,如有关技术细节表述有错误之处,请您留言或邮件(hyldba@163.com)指明,不胜感激。

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今天有些慵懒,整理过往学习中的一个实验,忆起oracle的SP报告。

                                                              ——深蓝

**************************************************前言********************************************************************

这是一部个人记录的成长杂记,既然步入到oracle的这片蓝海,免不了一路的奔波与不断的考验。借由此杂记与库友们分享蓝的成长历程。

不知何时起对蓝有了一种说不出来的痴迷,痴迷其广博,痴迷其深邃,痴迷于近在咫尺却又遥不可及。

而又说不清从何时起,注视于oracle的红色耀眼,照亮出眼前的一道光,未知与迷惑在自己的脚下开始初露些许人生的充实与青春的回馈。

在追逐于DBA梦想的道路上步步前行。

***************************************************************************************************************************

    时间有些久了,有些淡忘了SP报告的方法了,今天就利用闲暇的时光,重新拾起熟悉又陌生的STATSPACK报告的实验。

实验计划:

1、模拟某业务环境,制定快照计划;

2、生成初始状态数据库的statspack报告,分析数据;

3、调整数据缓冲区尺寸,生成 statspack报告,分析数据;

4、创建索引,生成statspack报告,分析数据;

5、使用绑定变量,生成 statspack报告,分析数据。

******************************************************************************************

步骤一:模拟业务环境,制定快照计划

目标:

1、关闭sga自动管理,调整DB cache、sharepool大小;             

2、部署statspack;             

3、部署模拟现场环境;

*****************************************************************************************

1、关闭sga自动管理,调整DB cache、sharepool大小,模拟现场环境

SQL> alter system set memory_target=0 scope=spfile;        --11g中关闭内存自动管理
SQL> alter system set sga_target=0;
SQL> alter system set db_cache_size=30m scope=spfile;      --修改DB cache大小
SQL> alter system set shared_pool_size=70m scope=spfile;   --修改share pool大小
SQL> startup force;                                        --重启数据库
SQL> select component,current_size/1024/1024 from v$sga_dynamic_components;  --查询修改后的缓冲区大小
COMPONENT                                          CURRENT_SIZE/1024/1024
----------------------------------------           ----------------------
shared pool                                                             72
DEFAULT buffer cache                                                    32

2、部署statspack

SQL> create tablespace tools datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk6/tools01.dbf' size 300m;  --创建statspack专用的tools表空间
SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/spcreate.sql  --以sysdba身份执行spcreate脚本,用于创建spcreate对象
输入值设置:
Enter value for perfstat_password: oracle
Enter value for default_tablespace: tools
Enter value for temporary_tablespace:回车
$ vi /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/rdbms/admin/spauto.sql  --设置自动快照时间,间隔30分钟生成一次快照
编辑如下:
begin
  select instance_number into :instno from v$instance;
  dbms_job.submit(:jobno, 'statspack.snap;', trunc(sysdate+1/48,'MI'), 'trunc(SYSDATE+1/48,''MI'')', TRUE, :instno);
  commit;
end;
SQL>exec statspack.modify_statspack_parameter(i_snap_level=>7);  --设置快照默认级别为7
SQL> conn scott/tiger
SQL>CREATE SEQUENCE emp2_empno   
  	INCREMENT BY 1
  	START WITH 1
  	MAXVALUE 100000000
  	CACHE 10000
  	NOCYCLE;  --执行创建序列语句

3、部署模拟现场环境

SQL> create table emp2 as select * from emp where 1=2; --创建实验表emp2,结构同emp表
SQL> alter table emp2 modify empno number(10); 
SQL> alter table emp2 modify ename varchar(30);
SQL> alter table emp2 nologging; --为加快数据插入速度,关闭日志记录
--插入2千万行数据
SQL>begin
     for i in 1..20000000 loop
       insert into emp2
       values (emp2_empno.nextval,'cuug'||i,'SALESMAN',7698,sysdate,1600,300,30);
       if mod(i,1000)=0 then 
       commit;
       end if;
    end loop;
    commit;
end;
/
SQL> alter table emp2 logging; --开启日志记录
$ vi script/bin/share_pool_sql_1.sh --编写查询的业务脚本
#!/bin/bash

CNT=1
while [ $CNT -lt 20000000 ]
do
sqlplus scott/tiger <<EOF
select * from emp2 where empno=$CNT;
exit
EOF
CNT=`expr $CNT + 1`
done
$ sh script/bin/share_pool_sql_1.sh  --执行脚本,模拟“查询业务”

*****************************************************************************************

步骤二:生成原始statspack报告,分析报告

目标:

1、开启自动快照;             

2、生成、导出报告;             

3、关闭job;             

4、分析报告。

*****************************************************************************************

1、开启自动快照

<span style="font-size:12px;">SQL> conn perfstat/oracle    --开启快照及查询相关业务时,需要以perfstat身份登录
SQL>@?/rdbms/admin/spauto    --执行脚本,开启自动快照</span>

2、生成报告

SQL> alter session set nls_date_format='yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss';  --设置查看格式,便于查询
SQL> select snap_id,snap_time,snap_level from stats$snapshot order by snap_time; --查询快照数量,是否满足生成statspack报告条件
SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/spreport  --生成statspack报告
手工设置:
Enter value for begin_snap:快照起点
Enter value for end_snap: 快照终点
Enter value for report_name:默认或指定报告名称
--使用x-manager将报告拷贝到windows主机

gxlsystem.com,布布扣

3、关闭job

SQL> select job,log_user,last_date,next_date from user_jobs;  --查询需要关闭的job号
SQL> exec dbms_job.remove('21');                       --将job号为21的任务删除

4、分析报告

关注点:

①buffer hit

②library hit

③Top 5 Timed Events

④造成最大物理读的sql

⑤Buffer Pool Advisory

⑥time model system stats

⑦Latch Sleep breakdown

 

① buffer hit、②library hit

分析: buffer hit高于95%符合数据正常性能标准。library hit低于95%,说明库缓存区命中率较低,需做相应调整。

③Top 5 Timed Events

17:42:01~ 18:12:00

direct path read

32,014,645

814

db file sequential read

1,697

6

log file parallel write

706

5

18:12:00 ~18:42:00

direct path read

32,095,337

816

log file parallel write

898

5

os thread startup

50

9

18:42:00~ 19:12:05

direct path read

32,438,303

816

log file parallel write

816

7

control file parallel write

493

1

19:12:05~ 19:42:03

direct path read

32,255,547

816

log file parallel write

716

5

control file parallel write

491

1

分析:
    direct path read的磁盘I/O产生量最大,db file sequential read、log file parallel write、control file parallel write也会产生部分磁盘I/O。

④查出造成物理读最大的前几个sql语句,产生执行计划

SQL>select sql_text from v$sql where disk_reads=(select max(disk_reads) from v$sql);  --查询造成最大物理读的sql语句
……
select * from emp2 where empno=2215
select * from emp2 where empno=2270
select * from emp2 where empno=2208
……
SQL> set autotrace on;
SQL> set timing on;
SQL> select * from emp2 where empno=2208;  --执行一条语句,查看执行计划,可以发现方式为全表扫描,在oracle11g下全表扫描时,库缓冲区将直接从磁盘中查询数据,磁盘I/O较大。cost值、physical read较大
<span style="font-family:SimSun;font-size:12px;">   EMPNO     ENAME        JOB           MGR  HIREDATE     SAL   COMM  DEPTNO
------------ ---------------------   ------------------  ----------  -----------     ---------- ------------  --------------
      2208       cuug2207     SALESMAN    7698  03-JUN-14       1600     300        30
</span>Elapsed: 00:00:00.94
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 2941272003
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation         | Name | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT  |      |     1 |    48 | 40046   (1)| 00:08:01 |
|*  1 |  TABLE ACCESS FULL| EMP2 |     1 |    48 | 40046   (1)| 00:08:01 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
          0  recursive calls
          0  db block gets
     147357  consistent gets
     147349  physical reads
          0  redo size
        869  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
        419  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
          2  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
          0  sorts (memory)
          0  sorts (disk)
          1  rows processed

 

分析:
未发现造成物理读最大的sql。但发现查询语句为全表扫描,每条语句物理读都相对较大。

⑤Buffer Pool Advisory

statistics

example

Time :17:42:01~ 18:12:00

                                   Est

                                  Phys      Estimated                   Est

    Size for  Size      Buffers   Read     Phys Reads     Est Phys % dbtime

P    Est (M) Factr  (thousands)  Factr    (thousands)    Read Time  for Rds

--- -------- ----- ------------ ------ -------------- ------------ --------

D          4    .1            0    1.2             21           20       .4

D          8    .3            1    1.1             19           17       .3

D         12    .4            1    1.1             18           16       .3

D         16    .5            2    1.0             18           16       .3

D         20    .6            2    1.0             18           15       .3

D         24    .8            3    1.0             17           15       .3

D         28    .9            3    1.0             17           15       .3

D        32   1.0            4    1.0             17           15       .3

D         36   1.1            4    1.0             17           15       .3

D         40   1.3            5    1.0             17           15       .3

D         44   1.4            5    1.0             17           15       .3

D         48   1.5            6    1.0             17           15       .3

D         52   1.6            6    1.0             17           15       .3

D         56   1.8            7    1.0             17           15       .3

D         60   1.9            7    1.0             17           15       .3

D         64   2.0            8    1.0             17           15       .3

 

分析:
对比4个时间段中的最佳buffer pool建议及第一时间段下的详细趋势列表,buffer pool设置为32m并未影响到性能。

⑥time model system stats

time:17:42:01~ 18:12:00

Statistic                                       Time (s) % DB time

----------------------------------- -------------------- ---------

sql execute elapsed time                         1,772.4      99.3

DB CPU                                           1,747.0      97.9

parse time elapsed                                  62.4       3.5

hard parse elapsed time                            58.0       3.3

connection management call elapsed                   6.2        .3

PL/SQL execution elapsed time                        6.1        .3

hard parse (sharing criteria) elaps                  6.1        .3

hard parse (bind mismatch) elapsed                   3.9        .2

PL/SQL compilation elapsed time                      0.7        .0

repeated bind elapsed time                           0.4        .0

sequence load elapsed time                           0.1        .0

DB time                                          1,784.9

background elapsed time                             26.5

background cpu time                                  3.7

time:18:12:00 ~18:42:00

Statistic                                       Time (s) % DB time

----------------------------------- -------------------- ---------

sql execute elapsed time                         2,549.1      99.5

DB CPU                                           1,752.4      68.4

parse time elapsed                                  60.2       2.4

hard parse elapsed time                            57.0       2.2

PL/SQL execution elapsed time                        6.2        .2

hard parse (sharing criteria) elaps                  6.2        .2

connection management call elapsed                   6.1        .2

hard parse (bind mismatch) elapsed                   4.0        .2

PL/SQL compilation elapsed time                      0.7        .0

repeated bind elapsed time                           0.4        .0

sequence load elapsed time                           0.1        .0

DB time                                          2,561.0

background elapsed time                             21.2

background cpu time                                  1.9

time:18:42:00~ 19:12:05

Statistic                                       Time (s) % DB time

----------------------------------- -------------------- ---------

sql execute elapsed time                         3,548.9      99.6

DB CPU                                           1,751.7      49.2

parse time elapsed                                  37.7       1.1

hard parse elapsed time                            34.9       1.0

connection management call elapsed                   7.3        .2

hard parse (sharing criteria) elaps                  3.6        .1

PL/SQL execution elapsed time                        3.2        .1

hard parse (bind mismatch) elapsed                   2.1        .1

PL/SQL compilation elapsed time                      0.5        .0

repeated bind elapsed time                           0.4        .0

sequence load elapsed time                           0.1        .0

DB time                                          3,563.0

background elapsed time                             30.8

background cpu time                                  3.7

time:19:12:05~ 19:42:03

Statistic                                       Time (s) % DB time

----------------------------------- -------------------- ---------

sql execute elapsed time                         3,541.3      99.7

DB CPU                                           1,746.9      49.2

parse time elapsed                                  37.9       1.1

hard parse elapsed time                            35.2       1.0

connection management call elapsed                   5.3        .2

hard parse (sharing criteria) elaps                  3.7        .1

PL/SQL execution elapsed time                        3.2        .1

hard parse (bind mismatch) elapsed                   2.0        .1

PL/SQL compilation elapsed time                      0.4        .0

repeated bind elapsed time                           0.3        .0

sequence load elapsed time                           0.1        .0

DB time                                          3,552.3

background elapsed time                             22.0

background cpu time                                  1.4

分析:
对比4个时间段的time model system stats,发现有硬解析存在。

⑦Latch Sleep breakdown

time:17:42:01~ 18:12:00

                                       Get                                 Spin

Latch Name                        Requests       Misses      Sleeps        Gets

-------------------------- --------------- ------------ ----------- -----------

qmn task queue latch                   252           11          11           0

shared pool                        669,111            7           7           0

space background task latc           1,114            6           6           0

cache buffers chains             1,415,617            1           1           0

JS Sh mem access                         4            1           1           0

OS process allocation                4,354            1           1           0

FOB s.o list latch                   7,177            1           1           0

messages                            16,597            1           1           0

In memory undo latch                60,562            1           1           0

time:18:12:00 ~18:42:00

                                       Get                                 Spin

Latch Name                        Requests       Misses      Sleeps        Gets

-------------------------- --------------- ------------ ----------- -----------

qmn task queue latch                   260           13          13           0

space background task latc           1,109            4           4           0

SQL memory manager latch             3,316            1           1           0

JS Sh mem access                         5            1           1           0

FOB s.o list latch                   7,103            1           1           0

shared pool                        666,763            1           1           0

time:18:42:00~ 19:12:05

                                       Get                                 Spin

Latch Name                        Requests       Misses      Sleeps        Gets

-------------------------- --------------- ------------ ----------- -----------

qmn task queue latch                   256           10          10           0

space background task latc           1,125            7           7           0

JS Sh mem access                         6            2           2           0

shared pool                       657,424            1           1           0

time:19:12:05~ 19:42:03

                                       Get                                 Spin

Latch Name                        Requests       Misses      Sleeps        Gets

-------------------------- --------------- ------------ ----------- -----------

qmn task queue latch                   256           10          10           0

space background task latc           1,109            5           5           0

JS Sh mem access                         3            1           1           0

分析:
观察Latch Sleep breakdown,在4个时间段中出现有miss、sleep的次数没有明显突显趋势,对性能没产生根本性影响。

总结:

通过以上几点分析发现,影响性能的方面有:
① library hit 平均值为86.64%低于标准值95%;
② direct path read产生磁盘I/O量最大,生成执行计划后发现,查询数据的方式是全表扫描;
③ time model system stats信息显示出,业务中存在一定量的hard parse。

*****************************************************************************************

步骤三:调整数据缓冲区尺寸,生成statspack报告,分析数据

思路:

通过初始报告分析,需提高库缓冲区的命中率及加索引以改变全表扫描的查询方式。而加入索          

引后,对于数据的查询,会由目前直接从磁盘读取变为通过数据缓冲区读取,I/O性能会得到提          

高。会对数据缓冲区有一定要求,目前数据缓冲区设为32m,由于查询业务是通过全表扫描方式,          

未能体现出缓冲区大小是否对性能有影响,但发现由于目前可分配内存资源较多,先将其调整          

为64m,观察是否会对性能有影响,为之后继续调优做准备。

目标:

1、调整缓冲区尺寸;             

2、生成statspack报告;              

3、分析报告

*****************************************************************************************

1、调整缓冲区尺寸

SQL> alter system set db_cache_size=64m;

2、生成statspack报告

SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/spreport               --重新生成statspack分析报告

3、分析报告

关注点:

①buffer hit

②library hit

③Top 5 Timed Events

④造成最大物理读的sql

⑤Buffer Pool Advisory

⑥time model system stats

⑦Latch Sleep breakdown

 

① buffer hit、②library hit

分析: buffer hit由之前平均99.81提升为99.99%,性能还是有一定的提升。library hit平均为86.49%与之前平均86.64%没有显著变化,依然低于95%,说明库缓存区命中率仍然较低,需做进一步调整。

③Top 5 Timed Events

05:52:00 ~06:22:03

direct path read

17,621,085

750

log file parallel write

694

1

control file parallel write

523

1

06:22:03 ~06:52:02

direct path read

17,661,174

754

log file parallel write

422

1

control file parallel write

523

1

06:52:02 ~ 07:22:01

direct path read

17,596,117

752

log file parallel write

534

1

control file parallel write

522

1

07:22:01 ~ 07:52:04

direct path read

17,644,217

754

log file parallel write

440

1

control file parallel write

524

1

avg

direct path read

17,630,648

 

分析:
    虽然direct path read的磁盘I/O产生量仍然为最大,但是数据比较于未调整缓冲区大小之前,由平均32,438,303下降为17,630,648,仍是有显著改善的。log file parallel write、control file parallel write仍会产生部分磁盘I/O。由此,可通过全表扫描的I/O等待事件高,预判出需要在经常访问的列上加索引,以通过减少磁盘I/O产生量最大的事件的I/O来降低磁盘的I/O,进而提升性能。

④查出造成物理读最大的前几个sql语句,产生执行计划

SQL>select sql_text from v$sql where disk_reads=(select max(disk_reads) from v$sql);  --查询造成最大物理读的sql语句
……
select * from emp2 where empno=4009
select * from emp2 where empno=4012
select * from emp2 where empno=4023
……
SQL> set autotrace on;
SQL> set timing on;
SQL> select * from emp2 where empno=4009;  --执行一条语句,查看执行计划,可以发现方式为全表扫描,磁盘I/O较大。cost值、physical read较大
<span style="font-size:12px;">   EMPNO     ENAME        JOB           MGR  HIREDATE     SAL   COMM  DEPTNO
------------ ---------------------   ------------------  ----------  -----------     ---------- ------------  --------------
      4009 cuug4008             SALESMAN        7698 03-JUN-14       1600        300         30
</span>Elapsed: 00:00:00.94
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 2941272003
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation         | Name | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT  |      |     1 |    48 | 40046   (1)| 00:08:01 |
|*  1 |  TABLE ACCESS FULL| EMP2 |     1 |    48 | 40046   (1)| 00:08:01 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
          0  recursive calls
          0  db block gets
     147357  consistent gets
     147349  physical reads
          0  redo size
        869  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
        419  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
          2  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
          0  sorts (memory)
          0  sorts (disk)
          1  rows processed

 

分析:
未发现造成物理读最大的sql。但发现查询语句为全表扫描,每条语句物理读都相对较大,预判需对该表添加索引。

⑤Buffer Pool Advisory

statistics

example

Time : 05:52:00 ~06:22:03

                                   Est

                                  Phys      Estimated                   Est

    Size for  Size      Buffers   Read     Phys Reads     Est Phys % dbtime

P    Est (M) Factr  (thousands)  Factr    (thousands)    Read Time  for Rds

--- -------- ----- ------------ ------ -------------- ------------ --------

D          4    .1            0   31.1            300          206      1.0

D          8    .1            1   14.4            139           95       .5

D         12    .2            1    6.5             62           43       .2

D         16    .3            2    4.4             43           29       .1

D         20    .3            2    3.0             29           20       .1

D         24    .4            3    2.4             23           16       .1

D         28    .4            3    1.8             17           12       .1

D         32    .5            4    1.7             16           11       .1

D         36    .6            4    1.5             15           10       .1

D         40    .6            5    1.3             13            9       .0

D         44    .7            5    1.0             10            7       .0

D         48    .8            6    1.0             10            7       .0

D         52    .8            6    1.0             10            7       .0

D         56    .9            7    1.0             10            7       .0

D         60    .9            7    1.0             10            7       .0

D        64   1.0            8    1.0             10            7       .0

D         68   1.1            8    1.0             10            7       .0

D         72   1.1            9    1.0             10            7       .0

D         76   1.2            9    1.0             10            7       .0

D         80   1.3           10    1.0             10            7       .0

                            
                        

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