Mongodb数据库命令端常用操作

时间：2022-03-10 17:25

查询操作

1.查询所有

> db.foo.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5389aa1df06b88aaa313746a"), "name" : "yiwa", "age" : 25, "user" : { "phone" : [ 123, 13, 186 ] } }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5389aaa4afce65313a5614f7"), "name" : "erwa", "age" : 75, "user" : { "phone" : [ 63, 188, 13, 186 ] } }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5389aabaafce65313a5614f8"), "name" : "sanwa", "age" : 85, "user" : { "phone" : [ 186 ] } }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5389aac5afce65313a5614f9"), "name" : "siwa", "age" : 15, "user" : { "phone" : [ 63, 137 ] } }

2.显示指定列

第一个{} 放where条件第二个{} 指定哪些列显示和不显示（0表示不显示 >0表示显示)

后面演示使用{‘_id‘:0} 默认隐藏‘_id列’减少显示量

> db.foo.find({},{'_id':0,'name':1,'user':1})
{ "name" : "yiwa", "user" : { "phone" : [ 123, 13, 186 ] } }
{ "name" : "erwa", "user" : { "phone" : [ 63, 188, 13, 186 ] } }
{ "name" : "sanwa", "user" : { "phone" : [ 186 ] } }
{ "name" : "siwa", "user" : { "phone" : [ 63, 137 ] } }

3.使用and操作

#名字是yiwa且年龄是25岁

> db.foo.find({'name':'yiwa','age':25},{'_id':0})
{ "name" : "yiwa", "age" : 25, "user" : { "phone" : [ 123, 13, 186 ] } }

4.使用or操作

#名字是yiwa或者年龄是75岁

> db.foo.find({'$or':[{'name':'yiwa'},{'age':75}]},{'_id':0})
{ "name" : "yiwa", "age" : 25, "user" : { "phone" : [ 123, 13, 186 ] } }
{ "name" : "erwa", "age" : 75, "user" : { "phone" : [ 63, 188, 13, 186 ] } }

5.使用<, <=, >, >= ($lt, $lte, $gt, $gte )操作，取模运算$mod

#年龄在 15<= x <=75 岁

> db.foo.find({'age':{'$gte':15,'$lte':75}},{'_id':0})
{ "name" : "yiwa", "age" : 25, "user" : { "phone" : [ 123, 13, 186 ] } }
{ "name" : "erwa", "age" : 75, "user" : { "phone" : [ 63, 188, 13, 186 ] } }
{ "name" : "siwa", "age" : 15, "user" : { "phone" : [ 63, 137 ] } }

# 对age%3==1的取模结果

> db.foo.find({'age':{'$mod':[3,1]}},{'_id':0})
{ "name" : "yiwa", "age" : 25, "user" : { "phone" : [ 123, 13, 186 ] } }
{ "name" : "sanwa", "age" : 85, "user" : { "phone" : [ 186 ] } }

6.使用in, not in ($in, $nin)

#名字不是siwa且年龄在[15，25，85]

> db.foo.find({'name':{'$nin':['siwa']},'age':{'$in':[15,25,85]}},{'_id':0})
{ "name" : "yiwa", "age" : 25, "user" : { "phone" : [ 123, 13, 186 ] } }
{ "name" : "sanwa", "age" : 85, "user" : { "phone" : [ 186 ] } }

7.匹配null操作

#名字是null的

> db.foo.find({'name':null},{'_id':0})
>

8.使用like (mongoDB 支持正则表达式)

#名字like%iwa%的

#名字like yi%的

> db.foo.find({'name':/iwa/},{'_id':0})
{ "name" : "yiwa", "age" : 25, "user" : { "phone" : [ 123, 13, 186 ] } }
{ "name" : "siwa", "age" : 15, "user" : { "phone" : [ 63, 137 ] } }
> db.foo.find({'name':/^yi/},{'_id':0})
{ "name" : "yiwa", "age" : 25, "user" : { "phone" : [ 123, 13, 186 ] } }

9.使用distinct、count查询

> db.foo.distinct('name')
[ "yiwa", "erwa", "sanwa", "siwa" ]
> db.foo.count()
4

10.数组查询（mongoDB自己特有的）（all,size）

#电话中含有186的

> db.foo.find({'user.phone':186},{'_id':0})
{ "name" : "yiwa", "age" : 25, "user" : { "phone" : [ 123, 13, 186 ] } }
{ "name" : "erwa", "age" : 75, "user" : { "phone" : [ 63, 188, 13, 186 ] } }
{ "name" : "sanwa", "age" : 85, "user" : { "phone" : [ 186 ] } }

#电话中含有188，186的

> db.foo.find({'user.phone':{'$all':[188,186]}},{'_id':0})
{ "name" : "erwa", "age" : 75, "user" : { "phone" : [ 63, 188, 13, 186 ] } }

#电话中有2个值的

> db.foo.find({'user.phone':{'$size':2}},{'_id':0})
{ "name" : "siwa", "age" : 15, "user" : { "phone" : [ 63, 137 ] } }

11.exists判断是否存在，type判断类型,Sort排序

#name中值是字符型，age中值是整型，按name升序，age降序

> db.foo.find({'name':{'$type':2},'age':{'$type':16}},{'_id':0}).sort({'name':1,'age':-1})
{ "name" : "erwa", "age" : 75, "user" : { "phone" : [ 63, 188, 13, 186 ] } }
{ "name" : "sanwa", "age" : 85, "user" : { "phone" : [ 186 ] } }
{ "name" : "siwa", "age" : 15, "user" : { "phone" : [ 63, 137 ] } }

#name中值存在的：true

#name中值不存在的：false

> db.foo.find({'name':{'$exists':true}},{'_id':0})
{ "name" : "yiwa", "age" : 25, "user" : { "phone" : [ 123, 13, 186 ] } }
{ "name" : "erwa", "age" : 75, "user" : { "phone" : [ 63, 188, 13, 186 ] } }
{ "name" : "sanwa", "age" : 85, "user" : { "phone" : [ 186 ] } }
{ "name" : "siwa", "age" : 15, "user" : { "phone" : [ 63, 137 ] } }
> db.foo.find({'name':{'$exists':false}},{'_id':0})
>

12.$elemMatch数组元素匹配

#插入测试数据

> db.foo.save({x:[{'a':1,'b':5},999,'liw',{'a':12},{'b':100}]})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })

#查询某元素中a=1，b=5的元素

> db.foo.find({'x':{'$elemMatch':{'a':1,b:{'$gt':4}}}},{'_id':0})
{ "x" : [ { "a" : 1, "b" : 5 }, 999, "liw", { "a" : 12 }, { "b" : 100 } ] }
> db.foo.find({'x.a':1,'x.b':5},{'_id':0})
{ "x" : [ { "a" : 1, "b" : 5 }, 999, "liw", { "a" : 12 }, { "b" : 100 } ] }

更新操作

1.update( criteria, objNew, upsert, multi)、save() 方法

criteria : update的查询条件，类似sql update查询内where后面的
objNew   : update的对象和一些更新的操作符（如$,$inc...）等，也可以理解为sql update查询内set后面的
upsert   : 这个参数的意思是，如果不存在update的记录，是否插入objNew,true为插入，默认是false，不插入。
multi    : mongodb默认是false,只更新找到的第一条记录，如果这个参数为true,就把按条件查出来多条记录全部更新。

save()方法相当于upsert与multi 都为true时候

> db.foo.find({},{'_id':0})
{ "name" : "yiwa", "age" : 55, "user" : { "phone" : [ 123, 13, 186 ] } }
{ "name" : "erwa", "age" : 75, "user" : { "phone" : [ 63, 188, 13, 186 ] } }
{ "name" : "sanwa", "age" : 85, "user" : { "phone" : [ 186 ] } }
{ "name" : "siwa", "age" : 15, "user" : { "phone" : [ 63, 137 ] } }
> db.foo.update({'age':{$gte:30}},{$set:{'age':55}},fasle,false)
2014-05-31T19:36:05.407+0800 ReferenceError: fasle is not defined
> db.foo.update({'age':{$gte:30}},{$set:{'age':55}},false,false)
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 0 })
> db.foo.find({},{'_id':0})
{ "name" : "yiwa", "age" : 55, "user" : { "phone" : [ 123, 13, 186 ] } }
{ "name" : "erwa", "age" : 75, "user" : { "phone" : [ 63, 188, 13, 186 ] } }
{ "name" : "sanwa", "age" : 85, "user" : { "phone" : [ 186 ] } }
{ "name" : "siwa", "age" : 15, "user" : { "phone" : [ 63, 137 ] } }
> db.foo.update({'age':{$gte:30}},{$set:{'age':56}},false,false)
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.foo.find({},{'_id':0})
{ "name" : "yiwa", "age" : 56, "user" : { "phone" : [ 123, 13, 186 ] } }
{ "name" : "erwa", "age" : 75, "user" : { "phone" : [ 63, 188, 13, 186 ] } }
{ "name" : "sanwa", "age" : 85, "user" : { "phone" : [ 186 ] } }
{ "name" : "siwa", "age" : 15, "user" : { "phone" : [ 63, 137 ] } }
> db.foo.update({'age':{$gte:300}},{$set:{'age':56}},true,false)
WriteResult({
	"nMatched" : 0,
	"nUpserted" : 1,
	"nModified" : 0,
	"_id" : ObjectId("5389bee8afce65313a5614fa")
})
> db.foo.find({},{'_id':0})
{ "name" : "yiwa", "age" : 56, "user" : { "phone" : [ 123, 13, 186 ] } }
{ "name" : "erwa", "age" : 75, "user" : { "phone" : [ 63, 188, 13, 186 ] } }
{ "name" : "sanwa", "age" : 85, "user" : { "phone" : [ 186 ] } }
{ "name" : "siwa", "age" : 15, "user" : { "phone" : [ 63, 137 ] } }
{ "age" : 56 }
> db.foo.update({'age':{$gte:30}},{$set:{'age':56}},true,true)
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 4, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 2 })
> db.foo.find({},{'_id':0})
{ "name" : "yiwa", "age" : 56, "user" : { "phone" : [ 123, 13, 186 ] } }
{ "name" : "erwa", "age" : 56, "user" : { "phone" : [ 63, 188, 13, 186 ] } }
{ "name" : "sanwa", "age" : 56, "user" : { "phone" : [ 186 ] } }
{ "name" : "siwa", "age" : 15, "user" : { "phone" : [ 63, 137 ] } }
{ "age" : 56 }

2.$inc 对于数字字段的值增加value

#年龄大于30的全部age值增加20

> db.foo.find({},{'_id':0})
{ "name" : "yiwa", "age" : 58, "user" : { "phone" : [ 123, 13, 186 ] } }
{ "name" : "erwa", "age" : 56, "user" : { "phone" : [ 63, 188, 13, 186 ] } }
{ "name" : "sanwa", "age" : 56, "user" : { "phone" : [ 186 ] } }
{ "name" : "siwa", "age" : 15, "user" : { "phone" : [ 63, 137 ] } }
> db.foo.update({'age':{$gte:30}},{$inc:{'age':20}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.foo.find({},{'_id':0})
{ "name" : "yiwa", "age" : 78, "user" : { "phone" : [ 123, 13, 186 ] } }
{ "name" : "erwa", "age" : 56, "user" : { "phone" : [ 63, 188, 13, 186 ] } }
{ "name" : "sanwa", "age" : 56, "user" : { "phone" : [ 186 ] } }
{ "name" : "siwa", "age" : 15, "user" : { "phone" : [ 63, 137 ] } }

3.$set 相当于sql的set field = value

#年龄=56的，设置为名字=‘laoda‘,年龄=65

> db.foo.find({},{'_id':0})
{ "name" : "yiwa", "age" : 78, "user" : { "phone" : [ 123, 13, 186 ] } }
{ "name" : "erwa", "age" : 56, "user" : { "phone" : [ 63, 188, 13, 186 ] } }
{ "name" : "sanwa", "age" : 56, "user" : { "phone" : [ 186 ] } }
{ "name" : "siwa", "age" : 15, "user" : { "phone" : [ 63, 137 ] } }
> db.foo.update({'age':56},{$set:{'name':'laoda','age':65}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.foo.find({},{'_id':0})
{ "name" : "yiwa", "age" : 78, "user" : { "phone" : [ 123, 13, 186 ] } }
{ "name" : "laoda", "age" : 65, "user" : { "phone" : [ 63, 188, 13, 186 ] } }
{ "name" : "sanwa", "age" : 56, "user" : { "phone" : [ 186 ] } }
{ "name" : "siwa", "age" : 15, "user" : { "phone" : [ 63, 137 ] } }

#只更新了一条数据，因为 multi 默认为false

4.$unset 删除字段

#查询name=‘laoda‘,user字段存在的数据中，删除age=65的age字段

> db.foo.find({},{'_id':0})
{ "name" : "yiwa", "age" : 78, "user" : { "phone" : [ 123, 13, 186 ] } }
{ "name" : "laoda", "age" : 65, "user" : { "phone" : [ 63, 188, 13, 186 ] } }
{ "name" : "sanwa", "age" : 56, "user" : { "phone" : [ 186 ] } }
{ "name" : "siwa", "age" : 15, "user" : { "phone" : [ 63, 137 ] } }
{ "age" : 65, "name" : "laoda" }
> db.foo.update({'name':'laoda','user':{$exists:true}},{$unset:{"age":65}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.foo.find({},{'_id':0})
{ "name" : "yiwa", "age" : 78, "user" : { "phone" : [ 123, 13, 186 ] } }
{ "name" : "laoda", "user" : { "phone" : [ 63, 188, 13, 186 ] } }
{ "name" : "sanwa", "age" : 56, "user" : { "phone" : [ 186 ] } }
{ "name" : "siwa", "age" : 15, "user" : { "phone" : [ 63, 137 ] } }
{ "age" : 65, "name" : "laoda" }

5.$push 数组下操作

#把value追加到field里面去，field一定要是数组类型才行，如果field不存在，会新增一个数组类型加进去

> db.array.find({},{'_id':0})
{ "age" : 65, "name" : "laoda" }
> db.array.update({'name':'laoda','age':65},{$push:{"phone":65}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.array.find({},{'_id':0})
{ "age" : 65, "name" : "laoda", "phone" : [ 65 ] }
> db.array.update({'name':'laoda','age':65},{$push:{"phone":[65,75,{'iphone':'188'},85]}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.array.find({},{'_id':0})
{ "age" : 65, "name" : "laoda", "phone" : [ 65, [ 65, 75, { "iphone" : "188" }, 85 ] ] }

6.$pushAll 数组下操作

#一次可以追加多个值到数组

> db.array.find({},{'_id':0})
{ "age" : 65, "name" : "laoda" }
> db.array.update({'name':'laoda','age':65},{$pushAll:{"phone":[111,222]}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.array.find({},{'_id':0})
{ "age" : 65, "name" : "laoda", "phone" : [ 111, 222 ] }
> db.array.update({'name':'laoda','age':65},{$pushAll:{"phone":[111,222]}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.array.find({},{'_id':0})
{ "age" : 65, "name" : "laoda", "phone" : [ 111, 222, 111, 222 ] }

7.$addToSet 数组操作

#增加一个值到数组内，而且只有当这个值不在数组内才增加

#插入2次发现，此值存在的时候不插入

> db.array.find({},{'_id':0})
{ "age" : 65, "name" : "laoda", "phone" : [ 111, 222, 111, 222, [ 111, 222 ] ] }
> db.array.find({},{'_id':0})
{ "age" : 65, "name" : "laoda", "phone" : [ 111, 222, 111, 222, [ 111, 222 ] ] }
> db.array.update({'name':'laoda','age':65},{$addToSet:{"phone":333}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.array.find({},{'_id':0})
{ "age" : 65, "name" : "laoda", "phone" : [ 111, 222, 111, 222, [ 111, 222 ], 333 ] }
> db.array.update({'name':'laoda','age':65},{$addToSet:{"phone":333}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 0 })
> db.array.find({},{'_id':0})
{ "age" : 65, "name" : "laoda", "phone" : [ 111, 222, 111, 222, [ 111, 222 ], 333 ] }

8.$pop 删除数组内的一个值

#删除最后一个值：{ $pop : { field : 1 } }删除第一个值：{ $pop : { field : -1 } }
> db.array.find({},{'_id':0}) { "age" : 65, "name" : "laoda", "phone" : [ 111, 333, 222 ] } > db.array.update({'name':'laoda','age':65},{$pullAll:{"phone":[111,222]}}) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 }) > db.array.find({},{'_id':0}) { "age" : 65, "name" : "laoda", "phone" : [ 333 ] }

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