"怎么使用Python和Tkinter实现简单的画图软件"

import tkinter as tkfrom tkinter import *import tkinter.simpledialogimport tkinter.colorchooserimport tkinter.filedialogfrom PIL import Image, ImageTk, ImageGrabfrom tkinter.colorchooser import askcolorfrom win32 import win32api, win32gui, win32printfrom win32.lib import win32confrom win32.win32api import GetSystemMetricsclass Draw_designs(tk.Frame):    def __init__(self, master=None):        tk.Frame.__init__(self, master)        self.master = master        self.pack()        self.temp = []  # 保存图形的类型        self.li = []    # 保存所画图形的坐标        self.fill_color = None # 保存填充的颜色        self.lastDraw = 0        self.end = [0]        self.size = "12"    # 字体大小        self.yesno = 0        self.function = 1   # 默认铅笔        self.X = 0        self.Y = 0        self.foreColor = '#000000'        self.backColor = '#FFFFFF'        self.create_widget()        self.setMenu()    def create_widget(self):        self.image = PhotoImage()        self.canvas = Canvas(root, bg='white', width=x, height=y)   # 创建画布        self.canvas.create_image(x, y, image=self.image)        self.canvas.bind('<Button-1>', self.onLeftButtonDown)        self.canvas.bind('<B1-Motion>', self.onLeftButtonMove)        self.canvas.bind('<ButtonRelease-1>', self.onLeftButtonUp)        self.canvas.bind('<ButtonRelease-3>', self.onRightButtonUp)        self.canvas.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=tk.YES)    def setMenu(self):        '''主菜单及其关联的函数'''        self.menu = tk.Menu(self, bg="red")        root.config(menu=self.menu)        self.menu.add_command(label='导入', command=self.Import)        self.menu.add_command(label='保存', command=self.SavePicture)        self.menu.add_command(label='清屏', command=self.Clear)        self.menu.add_command(label='撤销', command=self.Back)        '''子菜单及其关联的函数'''        self.menuType = tk.Menu(self.menu, tearoff=0)   # tearoff=0 - 表示无法将下拉菜单从“工具栏”窗口分离        self.menu.add_cascade(label='工具栏', menu=self.menuType)  # add_cascade建立菜单类别对象        # 在"工具栏"内建立菜单列表        self.menuType.add_command(label='铅笔', command=self.drawCurve)        self.menuType.add_command(label='直线', command=self.drawLine)        self.menuType.add_command(label='矩形', command=self.drawRectangle)        self.menuType.add_command(label='圆形', command=self.drawCircle)        self.menuType.add_command(label='文本', command=self.drawText)        self.menuType.add_command(label='橡皮擦', command=self.onErase)        self.menuType.add_command(label='颜色填充', command=self.fill)        self.menuType.add_separator()       # 建立分隔线        self.menuType.add_command(label='选择前景色', command=self.chooseForeColor)        self.menuType.add_command(label='选择背景色', command=self.chooseBackColor)    def Import(self):     # 导入文件        filename = tk.filedialog.askopenfilename(title='导入图片', filetypes=[('image', '*.jpg *.png *.gif')])        if filename:            self.image = Image.open(filename)            self.image = self.image.resize((800, 600), Image.ANTIALIAS)            self.image = ImageTk.PhotoImage(self.image)            self.canvas.create_image(400, 300, image=self.image)    def SavePicture(self):      # 保存画布        ScreenShot()    def Clear(self):    # 清屏        for item in self.canvas.find_all():            self.canvas.delete(item)        # 清屏后对数据进行初始化        self.end = [0]        self.lastDraw = 0    def Back(self):     # 撤回        try:            for i in range(self.end[-2], self.end[-1] + 1):                self.canvas.delete(i)            self.end.pop()            self.li.pop()        except:            self.end = [0]    def onLeftButtonDown(self, event):  # 点击鼠标左键后运行此函数        self.yesno = 1        self.X = event.x        self.Y = event.y        if self.function == 7:  # 颜色填充            for i in range(len(self.li)):                if (self.X >= self.li[i][0] and self.X <= self.li[i][2]) and (self.Y >= self.li[i][1] and self.Y <= self.li[i][3]):                    if self.temp[i] == 'rect':                        rect = self.canvas.create_rectangle(self.li[i][0], self.li[i][1], self.li[i][2], self.li[i][3])                        self.canvas.itemconfig(rect, fill=self.fill_color)                        self.end.append(rect)   # 加入撤销列表                    elif self.temp[i] == 'oval':                        oval = self.canvas.create_oval(self.li[i][0], self.li[i][1], self.li[i][2], self.li[i][3])                        self.canvas.itemconfig(oval, fill=self.fill_color)                        self.end.append(oval)  # 加入撤销列表                    break        if self.function == 4:            self.canvas.create_text(event.x, event.y, font=("等线", int(self.size)), text=self.text, fill=self.foreColor)            self.function = 1    def onLeftButtonMove(self, event):  # 按下鼠标左键并移动后运行此函数        if self.yesno == 0:            return        if self.function == 1:    # 铅笔            self.lastDraw = self.canvas.create_line(self.X, self.Y, event.x, event.y, fill=self.foreColor)            self.X = event.x            self.Y = event.y        elif self.function == 2:  # 画直线            try:                self.canvas.delete(self.lastDraw)            except Exception:                pass            self.lastDraw = self.canvas.create_line(self.X, self.Y, event.x, event.y, fill=self.foreColor)        elif self.function == 3:  # 画矩形            try:                self.canvas.delete(self.lastDraw)            except Exception:                pass            self.lastDraw = self.canvas.create_rectangle(self.X, self.Y, event.x, event.y, outline=self.foreColor)        elif self.function == 5:  # 橡皮擦            self.lastDraw = self.canvas.create_rectangle(event.x - 10, event.y - 10, event.x + 10, event.y + 10, outline=self.backColor)        elif self.function == 6:  # 画圆            try:                self.canvas.delete(self.lastDraw)            except Exception:                pass            self.lastDraw = self.canvas.create_oval(self.X, self.Y, event.x, event.y, fill=self.backColor, outline=self.foreColor)    def onLeftButtonUp(self, event):    # 左键鼠标释放后运行此函数        if self.function == 2:            self.lastDraw = self.canvas.create_line(self.X, self.Y, event.x, event.y, fill=self.foreColor)        elif self.function == 3:    # 正方形            self.lastDraw = self.canvas.create_rectangle(self.X, self.Y, event.x, event.y, outline=self.foreColor)            self.li.append((self.X, self.Y, event.x, event.y))  # 保存图型的坐标            self.temp.append('rect')        elif self.function == 6:    # 圆形            self.lastDraw = self.canvas.create_oval(self.X, self.Y, event.x, event.y, outline=self.foreColor)            self.li.append((self.X, self.Y, event.x, event.y))  # 保存图型的坐标            self.temp.append('oval')        self.yesno = 0        if self.function != 7:            self.end.append(self.lastDraw)    def onRightButtonUp(self, event):   # 在画布中鼠标右键按下并松开时，弹出菜单        self.menu.post(event.x_root, event.y_root)    def drawCurve(self):    # 铅笔        self.function = 1    def drawLine(self):     # 直线        self.function = 2    def drawRectangle(self):    # 矩形        self.function = 3    def drawCircle(self):   # 画圆        self.function = 6    def drawText(self):     # 文字        self.text = tk.simpledialog.askstring(title='输入文本', prompt='')        if self.text is not None:            self.size = tk.simpledialog.askinteger('输入字号', prompt='', initialvalue=20)            if self.size is None:                self.size = "20"        self.function = 4    def onErase(self):  # 橡皮擦        self.function = 5    def fill(self):        c = askcolor(color=self.foreColor, title="选择画笔颜色")        self.fill_color = c[1]        self.function = 7    def chooseForeColor(self):  # 设置前景色        self.foreColor = tk.colorchooser.askcolor()[1]    def chooseBackColor(self):  # 设置背景色        self.backColor = tk.colorchooser.askcolor()[1]"""------------- 截图 -----------------"""def get_real_resolution():    """获取真实的分辨率"""    hDC = win32gui.GetDC(0)    # 横向分辨率    w = win32print.GetDeviceCaps(hDC, win32con.DESKTOPHORZRES)    # 纵向分辨率    h = win32print.GetDeviceCaps(hDC, win32con.DESKTOPVERTRES)    return w, hdef get_screen_size():    """获取缩放后的分辨率"""    w = GetSystemMetrics(0)    h = GetSystemMetrics(1)    return w, hreal_resolution = get_real_resolution()screen_size = get_screen_size()# Windows 设置的屏幕缩放率# ImageGrab 的参数是基于显示分辨率的坐标，而 tkinter 获取到的是基于缩放后的分辨率的坐标screen_scale_rate = round(real_resolution[0] / screen_size[0], 2)class Box:    def __init__(self):        self.start_x = None        self.start_y = None        self.end_x = None        self.end_y = None    def isNone(self):        return self.start_x is None or self.end_x is None    def setStart(self, x, y):        self.start_x = x        self.start_y = y    def setEnd(self, x, y):        self.end_x = x        self.end_y = y    def box(self):        lt_x = min(self.start_x, self.end_x)        lt_y = min(self.start_y, self.end_y)        rb_x = max(self.start_x, self.end_x)        rb_y = max(self.start_y, self.end_y)        return lt_x, lt_y, rb_x, rb_y    def center(self):        center_x = (self.start_x + self.end_x) / 2        center_y = (self.start_y + self.end_y) / 2        return center_x, center_yclass SelectionArea:    def __init__(self, canvas: tk.Canvas):        self.canvas = canvas        self.area_box = Box()    def empty(self):        return self.area_box.isNone()    def setStartPoint(self, x, y):        self.canvas.delete('area', 'lt_txt', 'rb_txt')        self.area_box.setStart(x, y)        # 开始坐标文字        self.canvas.create_text(            x, y - 10, text=f'({x}, {y})', fill='red', tag='lt_txt')    def updateEndPoint(self, x, y):        self.area_box.setEnd(x, y)        self.canvas.delete('area', 'rb_txt')        box_area = self.area_box.box()        # 选择区域        self.canvas.create_rectangle(            *box_area, fill='black', outline='red', width=2, tags="area")        self.canvas.create_text(            x, y + 10, text=f'({x}, {y})', fill='red', tag='rb_txt')class ScreenShot():    def __init__(self, scaling_factor=2):        self.win = tk.Tk()        # self.win.tk.call('tk', 'scaling', scaling_factor)        self.width = self.win.winfo_screenwidth()        self.height = self.win.winfo_screenheight()        # 无边框，没有最小化最大化关闭这几个按钮，也无法拖动这个窗体，程序的窗体在Windows系统任务栏上也消失        self.win.overrideredirect(True)        self.win.attributes('-alpha', 0.25)        self.is_selecting = False        # 绑定按 Enter 确认, Esc 退出        self.win.bind('<KeyPress-Escape>', self.exit)        self.win.bind('<KeyPress-Return>', self.confirmScreenShot)        self.win.bind('<Button-1>', self.selectStart)        self.win.bind('<ButtonRelease-1>', self.selectDone)        self.win.bind('<Motion>', self.changeSelectionArea)        self.canvas = tk.Canvas(self.win, width=self.width,                                height=self.height)        self.canvas.pack()        self.area = SelectionArea(self.canvas)        self.win.mainloop()    def exit(self, event):        self.win.destroy()    def clear(self):        self.canvas.delete('area', 'lt_txt', 'rb_txt')        self.win.attributes('-alpha', 0)    def captureImage(self):        if self.area.empty():            return None        else:            filename = tk.filedialog.asksaveasfilename(filetypes=[('.jpg', 'JPG')],                                                       initialdir='C:\Users\lin042\Desktop\')            box_area = [x * screen_scale_rate for x in self.area.area_box.box()]            self.clear()            img = ImageGrab.grab(box_area).save(filename)            return img    def confirmScreenShot(self, event):        img = self.captureImage()        if img is not None:            img.show()        self.win.destroy()    def selectStart(self, event):        self.is_selecting = True        self.area.setStartPoint(event.x, event.y)        # print('Select', event)    def changeSelectionArea(self, event):        if self.is_selecting:            self.area.updateEndPoint(event.x, event.y)            # print(event)    def selectDone(self, event):        self.is_selecting = Falseif __name__ == '__main__':    x = 1200    # 宽    y = 600     # 高    root = tk.Tk()    root.title('街三仔画图')   # 软件名    root.geometry('1200x600')    # 设置软件大小 - 宽x高    Draw_designs(root)    root.mainloop()