Python文件处理方法、os模块和glob模块怎么使用

open(file, mode='r')

open(file, mode='r', buffering=-1, encoding=None, errors=None, newline=None, closefd=True, opener=None)

f = open(r'/Users/mac/desktop/jupyter/pythonCourseware/32.txt', mode='r')# read模式打开文件data = f.read() # 读取文件内容，向操作系统发起读请求，会被操作系统转成具体的硬盘操作，将内容由硬盘读入内存print(data)# 由于Python的垃圾回收机制只回收引用计数为0的变量，但是打开文件还占用操作系统的资源，所以我们需要回收操作系统的资源资源# del f 只是回收变量ff.close()

# write模式打开文件f = open(r'/Users/mac/desktop/jupyter/pythonCourseware/32.txt', mode='w')f.write("""name = 'nick'pwd = '123'""")f.close()

with open('32.txt', 'rt', encoding='utf8') as f:    print(f.read())with open('32.txt', 'rb') as fr,         open('35r.txt', 'wb') as fw:    f.write(f.read())

# rt: read by text# windows的操作系统默认编码为gbk，因此需要使用utf8编码f = open('32.txt', mode='rt', encoding='utf8')data = f.read()print(data) # nick最帅吗print(type(data)} # <class 'str'>f.close()

# rb: read by bytesf = open('32.txt', mode='rb')data = f.read()print(data) # b'aaa
bbb
ccc
nickxe6x9cx80xe5xb8x85xe5x90x97'print(type(data)) # <class 'bytes'>f.close()

fname = input("请输入要打开的文件名称:")fo = open(fname, "r")print(type(fo))  # <class '_io.TextIOWrapper'>for line in fo:    print(line)fo.close()

f = open('32.txt', mode='rt', encoding='utf8')print(f.readable())  #True 判断文件是否可读data1 = f.readline()data2 = f.readlines()print(data1) # aaaprint(data2) # ['bbb
', 'ccc
', 'nick最帅吗']f.close()

f = open('34w.txt', mode='wt', encoding='utf8')print(f"f.readable(): {f.readable()}") #Falsef.write('nick 真帅呀
')  # '
'是换行符f.write('nick,nick, you drop, I drop.')f.write('nick 帅的我五体投地')f.flush()  # 立刻将文件内容从内存刷到硬盘f.close()

f = open('34a.txt', mode='wb')f.write('nick 帅的我五体投地'.encode('unicode_escape') )  # 编码成bytes类型再写入print(type('nick 帅的我五体投地'.encode('unicode_escape'))) #<class 'bytes'>f.close()

try:    import requests    response = requests.get( 'https://cache.yisu.com/upload/information/20220528/112/3002.jpg')    data = response.content    f = open('mv.jpg', 'wb')    f.write(data)    print('done...')    f.close()except Exception as e:    print(e, '报错了，那就算了吧，以后爬虫处会详细介绍')

# atf = open('34a.txt', mode='at', encoding='utf8')print(f.readable()) # Falsef.write('nick 真帅呀
')  # '
'是换行符f.write('nick,nick, you drop, I drop.')f.write('nick 帅的我五体投地')f.close()

# r+twith open('32.txt', 'r+', encoding='utf-8') as fr:    print(fr.readable())  # True    print(fr.writable())  # True

f.seek(0) # 回到文件开头

f = open('32.txt', 'rb+')print(f.write(b'0123456789abcdef')) # 16print(f.seek(5))  # 移动到文件的第六个字节 # 5print(f.read(1))  # b'5'print(f.seek(-3, 2))  # 移动到文件的倒数第三字节 # 13print(f.read(1)) # b'd'

with open('32.txt', 'rb') as fr:    fr.seek(4, 0)    print(fr.tell() )  # 4

with open('32.txt', 'ab') as fr:    fr.truncate(2)  # 截断2个字节后的所有字符，如果3个字节一个字符，只能截断2/3个字符，还会遗留1/3个字符，会造成乱码

import oswith open('37r.txt') as fr, open('37r_swap.txt', 'w') as fw:    data = fr.read()  # 全部读入内存,如果文件很大,会很卡    data = data.replace('tank', 'tankSB')  # 在内存中完成修改    fw.write(data)  # 新文件一次性写入原文件内容# 删除原文件os.remove('37r.txt')# 重命名新文件名为原文件名os.rename('37r_swap.txt', '37r.txt')

import oswith open('37r.txt') as fr, open('37r_swap.txt', 'w') as fw:     for line in fr: # 循环读取文件内容，逐行修改        line = line.replace('jason', 'jasonSB')        fw.write(line)  # 新文件写入原文件修改后内容os.remove('37r.txt')os.rename('37r_swap.txt', '37r.txt')

import os

import osimport os.path"""获取指定目录及其子目录下的 py 文件路径说明：l 用于存储找到的 py 文件路径 get_py 函数，递归查找并存储 py 文件路径于 l"""l = []def get_py(path, l):    file_list = os.listdir(path)  # 获取path目录下所有文件    for filename in file_list:        path_tmp = os.path.join(path, filename)  # 获取path与filename组合后的路径        if os.path.isdir(path_tmp):  # 如果是目录            get_py(path_tmp, l)  # 则递归查找        elif filename[-3:].upper() == '.PY':  # 不是目录,则比较后缀名            l.append(path_tmp)path = input('请输入路径:').strip()get_py(path, l)print('在%s目录及其子目录下找到%d个py文件
分别为：
' % (path, len(l)))for filepath in l:    print(filepath + '
')

import osvedio_list = []def search_file(start_dir, target) :    os.chdir(start_dir)        for each_file in os.listdir(os.curdir) :        ext = os.path.splitext(each_file)[1]        if ext in target :            vedio_list.append(os.getcwd() + os.sep + each_file + os.linesep)         if os.path.isdir(each_file) :            search_file(each_file, target) # 递归调用            os.chdir(os.pardir) # 递归调用后切记返回上一层目录start_dir = input('请输入待查找的初始目录：')program_dir = os.getcwd()target = ['.mp4', '.avi', '.rmvb']search_file(start_dir, target)f = open(program_dir + os.sep + 'vedioList.txt', 'w')f.writelines(vedio_list)f.close()

import ospath = input('请输入文件路径(结尾加上/)：')# 获取该目录下所有文件，存入列表中fileList = os.listdir(path)n = 0for i in fileList:    # 设置旧文件名（就是路径+文件名）    oldname = path + os.sep + fileList[n]  # os.sep添加系统分隔符    # 设置新文件名    newname1 = path + os.sep + 'a' + str(n + 1) + '.JPG'    os.rename(oldname, newname1)  # 用os模块中的rename方法对文件改名c:    print(oldname, '======>', newname1)    n += 1

import globfile = glob.glob(r'C:工具**pan*.exe')print(type(file))  # <class 'list'>print(file)  # ['C:\工具\PanDownload_v2.1.3\PanDownload\PanDownload.exe']#获取上级目录的所有.py文件print (glob.glob(r'../*.py')) #相对路径

import glob#父目录中的.py文件f = glob.iglob(r'../*.py')print ( f ) # <generator object iglob at 0x00B9FF80>for py in f:   print  (py)