如何利用Python实现模拟登录知乎

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-"""Created on Thu Nov 02 14:01:17 2016@author: liudiwei"""import urllibimport urllib2import cookielibimport logging  class WSpider(object):    def __init__(self):        #init params        self.url_path = None        self.post_data = None        self.header = None        self.domain = None        self.operate = None        #init cookie        self.cookiejar = cookielib.LWPCookieJar()        self.opener = urllib2.build_opener(urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor(self.cookiejar))        urllib2.install_opener(self.opener)    def setRequestData(self, url_path=None, post_data=None, header=None):        self.url_path = url_path        self.post_data = post_data        self.header = header    def getHtmlText(self, is_cookie=False):        if self.post_data == None and self.header == None:            request = urllib2.Request(self.url_path)        else:            request = urllib2.Request(self.url_path, urllib.urlencode(self.post_data), self.header)        response = urllib2.urlopen(request)        if is_cookie:             self.operate = self.opener.open(request)        resText = response.read()        return resText    """    Save captcha to local        """        def saveCaptcha(self, captcha_url, outpath, save_mode='wb'):        picture = self.opener.open(captcha_url).read() #用openr访问验证码地址,获取cookie        local = open(outpath, save_mode)        local.write(picture)        local.close()        def getHtml(self, url):        page = urllib.urlopen(url)        html = page.read()        return html    """    功能：将文本内容输出至本地    @params        content：文本内容        out_path: 输出路径    """    def output(self, content, out_path, save_mode="w"):        fw = open(out_path, save_mode)        fw.write(content)        fw.close()            """#EXAMPLE    logger = createLogger('mylogger', 'temp/logger.log')    logger.debug('logger debug message')      logger.info('logger info message')      logger.warning('logger warning message')      logger.error('logger error message')      logger.critical('logger critical message')      """        def createLogger(self, logger_name, log_file):        # 创建一个logger        logger = logging.getLogger(logger_name)          logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)          # 创建一个handler，用于写入日志文件            fh = logging.FileHandler(log_file)          # 再创建一个handler，用于输出到控制台            ch = logging.StreamHandler()          # 定义handler的输出格式formatter            formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s | %(name)s | %(levelname)s | %(message)s')          fh.setFormatter(formatter)          ch.setFormatter(formatter)          # 给logger添加handler            logger.addHandler(fh)          logger.addHandler(ch)          return logger

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-"""Created on Thu Nov 02 17:07:17 2016@author: liudiwei"""import urllibfrom WSpider import WSpiderfrom bs4 import BeautifulSoup as BSimport getpassimport jsonimport WLogger as WLog"""2016.11.03 由于验证码问题暂时无法正常登陆2016.11.04 成功登录，期间出现下列问题验证码错误返回：{ "r": 1, "errcode": 1991829, "data": {"captcha":"验证码错误"}, "msg": "验证码错误" }验证码过期：{ "r": 1, "errcode": 1991829, "data": {"captcha":"验证码回话无效 :(","name":"ERR_VERIFY_CAPTCHA_SESSION_INVALID"}, "msg": "验证码回话无效 :(" }登录：{"r":0, "msg": "登录成功"}"""def zhiHuLogin():    spy = WSpider()    logger = spy.createLogger('mylogger', 'temp/logger.log')    homepage = r"https://www.zhihu.com/"        html = spy.opener.open(homepage).read()    soup = BS(html, "html.parser")    _xsrf = soup.find("input", {'type':'hidden'}).get("value")    #根据email和手机登陆得到的参数名不一样，email登陆传递的参数是‘email'，手机登陆传递的是‘phone_num'    username = raw_input("Please input username: ")    password = getpass.getpass("Please input your password: ")    account_name = None    if "@" in username:        account_name = 'email'    else:        account_name = 'phone_num'     #保存验证码    logger.info("save captcha to local machine.")    captchaURL = r"https://www.zhihu.com/captcha.gif?type=login" #验证码url    spy.saveCaptcha(captcha_url=captchaURL, outpath="temp/captcha.jpg") #temp目录需手动创建    #请求的参数列表    post_data = {        '_xsrf': _xsrf,        account_name: username,        'password': password,        'remember_me': 'true',        'captcha':raw_input("Please input captcha: ")    }    #请求的头内容    header ={        'Accept':'*/*' ,        'Content-Type':'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8',        'X-Requested-With':'XMLHttpRequest',        'Referer':'https://www.zhihu.com/',        'Accept-Language':'en-GB,en;q=0.8,zh-CN;q=0.6,zh;q=0.4',        'Accept-Encoding':'gzip, deflate, br',        'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/53.0.2785.116 Safari/537.36',        'Host':'www.zhihu.com'    }    url = r"https://www.zhihu.com/login/" + account_name    spy.setRequestData(url, post_data, header)    resText = spy.getHtmlText()    jsonText = json.loads(resText)    if jsonText["r"] == 0:        logger.info("Login success!")    else:        logger.error("Login Failed!")        logger.error("Error info ---> " + jsonText["msg"])    text = spy.opener.open(homepage).read() #重新打开主页，查看源码可知此时已经处于登录状态    spy.output(text, "out/home.html") #out目录需手动创建if __name__ == '__main__':    zhiHuLogin()