详解CentOS7系统初始化设置

下面由centos教程栏目给大家介绍CentOS7系统初始化设置的方法，希望对需要的朋友有所帮助！

CentOS7系统初始化设置

2019年03月07日
系统版本：CentOS Linux release 7.3-1611

1.　网络配置

使用 nmtui 图形工具配置IP地址和主机名

IP：192.168.82.103/24  
主机名：leanote.jmkf.com

也可以更改配置文件

[root@leanote ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens32

TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=none
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=ens32
UUID=eb220f0e-779d-48c6-8e1b-093b2f9eff0f
DEVICE=ens32
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.55.58
PREFIX=24
IPADDR1=192.168.82.103
PREFIX1=24
GATEWAY=192.168.82.254
DNS1=192.168.94.201
IPV6_PEERDNS=yes
IPV6_PEERROUTES=yes

2.　关闭防火墙

2.1　查看firewall

#　systemctl status firewalld.service

[root@leanote ~]# systemctl status firewalld.service

● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since 五 2017-12-29 12:10:34 CST; 3s ago
     Docs: man:firewalld(1)
 Main PID: 11473 (firewalld)
   CGroup: /system.slice/firewalld.service
           └─11473 /usr/bin/python -Es /usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid

12月 29 12:10:33 leanote.jmkf.com systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
12月 29 12:10:34 leanote.jmkf.com systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.

- 此状态表示防火墙处于开启状态 -

2.2　关闭firewall

#　systemctl stop firewalld.service

[root@leanote ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service

[root@leanote ~]# systemctl status firewalld.service

● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: inactive (dead)
     Docs: man:firewalld(1)

12月 29 12:10:33 leanote.jmkf.com systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
12月 29 12:10:34 leanote.jmkf.com systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.
12月 29 13:43:31 leanote.jmkf.com systemd[1]: Stopping firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
12月 29 13:43:31 leanote.jmkf.com systemd[1]: Stopped firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.

- 此状态表示防火墙处于关闭状态 -

2.3　禁止firewall开机启动

#　systemctl enable firewalld.service　　　 启用  
#　systemctl disable firewalld.service　　　禁用

[root@leanote ~]# systemctl enable firewalld.service

Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service.
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/firewalld.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[root@leanote ~]# systemctl disable firewalld.service

Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.

3.　关闭SELINUX

[root@leanote ~]# setenforce 0　　　　　　临时关闭

永久关闭需要修改SELINUX的配置文件　　/etc/selinux/config

将SELINUX=enforcing 改为 SELINUX=disable

[root@leanote ~]# vi /etc/selinux/config  

# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
#     enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
#     permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
#     disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
#SELINUX=enforcing
SELINUX=disable
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three two values:
#     targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
#     minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected.
#     mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted

4.　更改YUM源

可选 阿里云、网易云、其他网站 或者内网yum源
将 /etc/yum.repos.d/ 下的文件备份并下载相应repo文件

https://opsx.alibaba.com/mirror

4.1 备份

备份所有

# mkdir /etc/yum.repos.d/bak
# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/* /etc/yum.repos.d/bak

或者只备份 CentOS-Base.repo 文件

# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup

4.2 下载新的CentOS-Base.repo 到/etc/yum.repos.d/

CentOS 5

# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-5.repo
或者
# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-5.repo

CentOS 6

# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo
或者
# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo

CentOS 7

# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
或者
# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

4.3 配置epel源

epel(RHEL 7)
	wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo

epel(RHEL 6)
	wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-6.repo

epel(RHEL 5)
	wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-5.repo

4.4 运行yum makecache生成缓存

# yum clean all
# yum makecache
# yum repolist

5.　基本软件工具安装

通过配置好的YUM库安装常用软件和工具

# yum install -y vim
# yum install -y wget
# yum install -y lrzsz

最小化安装没有ifconfig命令解决方法

# yum search ifconfig
# yum install -y net-tools
# yum provides ifconfig

命令粘贴

nmtui

systemctl stop firewalld.service
systemctl disable firewalld.service

setenforce 0
vi /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disable

mkdir /etc/yum.repos.d/bak
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/* /etc/yum.repos.d/bak
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo

yum clean all
yum makecache
yum repolist

yum install -y vim
yum install -y wget
yum install -y lrzsz
yum install -y net-tools

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